ABSTRACT
Abstract Over the years, a handful of drugs have been approved to be used in the fight against Alzheimer's Disease but unfortunately none of these drugs have proven to be solid-treatments. Alzheimer's Disease is one of the most prominent diseases observed in the elderly population. In this review article, we discuss how aluminum toxicity can lead to neuro degeneration. Aluminum is abundantly present on the earth's crust and hence becomes easily accessible to man. This makes it an obvious choice in the preparation of numerous substances, packaging, etc. Such wide usage of the metal can pave an easy access to the body, leading to toxicities. Aluminum toxicity has been linked to oxidative stress which has an established relation with neurodegeneration and mitochondrial damage. We also discuss how consumption of antioxidants can be useful in combating oxidative stress.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dexmedetomidine has been shown to blunt the stress response to surgery. Hence a study was designed to evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine infusion during general anaesthesia for abdominal surgeries on blood glucose levels and on sevoflurane requirements during anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: Thirty four patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into dexmedetomidine (D) group and Placebo (P) group of 17 each. Group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine at 1 μg/kg/10 min diluted to 20 mL, followed by maintenance with 0.5 μg/kg/h., till the end of surgery. Group P received similar volume of IV normal saline. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and sevoflurane keeping BIS between 40 and 60. Data were analyzed using students t test, chi square test and Fisher Exact test as applicable. Results: 90min after intubation, dexmedetomidine group showed blood glucose levels of 127.24 ± 6.14 mg/dL, compared to placebo group which was 146.88± 3.56mg/dL and it was statistically significant (P< 0.05). After 60min sevoflurane requirement in Group D was 12.65 ± 2.06 mL, compared to 19.82 ± 1.77 mL in placebo group. In peri–operative period, the heart rate and MAP were stable. Conclusion: Intravenous Dexmedetomidine was effective in blunting stress response to surgical trauma as indicated by lower blood glucose levels, and reduced Sevoflurane requirements during BIS guided general anaesthesia for laparoscopy surgery.